Each One Teach One: The Education of the Texas Freedmen
Cens
us - Education An
d Literacy 1900
Texas
County
TOTAL COLORED ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
NEGRO ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
LITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ILLITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
OTHER LITERATE NATIVE COLORED MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ANDERSON
3,466
3,465
1,179
1,140
0
ANDREWS
0
0
0
0
0
ANGELINA
671
670
423
334
0
ARANSAS
23
23
33
5
0
ARCHER
1
1
0
1
0
ARMSTRONG
2
2
0
0
0
ATASCOSA
97
94
33
32
2
AUSTIN
1,893
1,893
647
734
0
BAILEY
0
0
0
0
0
BANDERA
22
21
13
9
0
BASTROP
2,952
2,951
976
1,059
0
BAYLOR
4
4
2
1
0
BEE
66
66
65
28
0
BELL
813
808
541
298
2
BEXAR
1,477
1,471
1,784
471
4
BLANCO
29
29
29
11
0
BORDEN
2
2
0
0
0
BOSQUE
171
171
128
59
0
BOWIE
3,045
3,045
1,309
1,045
0
BRAZORIA
2,712
2,712
881
1,061
0
BRAZOS
2,802
2,800
975
1,107
1
BREWSTER
11
11
19
6
0
BRISCOE
0
0
0
0
0
BROWN
47
47
37
12
0
BURLESON
2,489
2,489
1,036
958
0
BURNET
91
91
26
39
0
CALDWELL
1,398
1,398
580
507
0
CALHOUN
50
50
39
24
0
CALLAHAN
3
3
7
2
0
CAMERON
22
22
96
5
0
CAMP
1,371
1,371
358
494
0
County
TOTAL COLORED ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
NEGRO ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
LITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ILLITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
OTHER LITERATE NATIVE COLORED MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
CARSON
2
2
0
1
0
CASS/DAVIS
2,489
2,489
759
850
0
CASTRO
0
0
0
0
0
CHAMBERS
340
340
53
114
0
CHEROKEE
2,244
2,244
815
826
1
CHILDRESS
0
0
1
0
0
CLAY
12
11
9
5
0
COCHRAN
0
0
0
0
0
COKE
1
1
0
0
0
COLEMAN
22
22
21
8
0
COLLIN
737
735
324
294
0
COLLINGSWORTH
1
1
0
1
0
COLORADO
3,066
3,065
945
1,139
0
COMAL
49
49
38
15
0
COMANCHE
0
0
0
0
0
CONCHO
6
6
2
1
0
COOKE
418
418
281
168
1
CORYELL
124
124
60
38
0
COTTLE
0
0
0
0
0
CRANE
0
0
0
0
0
CROCKETT
1
1
4
1
0
CROSBY
0
0
3
0
0
DALLAM
0
0
0
0
0
DALLAS
3,065
3,049
2,490
1,105
1
DAWSON
0
0
0
0
0
DE WITT
988
988
567
360
0
DEAF SMITH
0
0
0
0
0
DELTA
253
253
106
108
1
DENTON
535
535
243
213
0
DICKENS
0
0
0
0
0
DIMMIT
11
11
5
6
0
DONLEY
18
18
11
7
0
County
TOTAL COLORED ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
NEGRO ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
LITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ILLITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
OTHER LITERATE NATIVE COLORED MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
DUVAL
0
0
2
0
0
EASTLAND
23
22
6
6
0
ECTOR
1
1
1
0
0
EDWARDS
0
0
2
0
0
EL PASO
165
65
258
27
24
ELLIS
1,106
1,105
714
456
0
ERATH
168
168
89
76
0
FALLS
3,026
3,025
1,530
1,218
0
FANNIN
1,349
1,349
701
504
0
FAYETTE
2,501
2,501
1,150
977
0
FISHER
2
2
0
1
0
FLOYD
2
2
1
0
0
FOARD
0
0
0
0
0
FORT BEND
4,176
4,176
1,373
1,711
0
FRANKLIN
308
308
68
109
0
FREESTONE
2,409
2,409
894
790
0
FRIO
26
26
21
7
0
GAINES
0
0
0
0
0
GALVESTON
1,752
1,741
1,754
540
2
GARZA
2
2
0
2
0
GILLESPIE
28
27
11
10
0
GLASSCOCK
0
0
0
0
0
GOLIAD
438
438
211
167
0
GONZALES
2,123
2,120
826
763
4
GRAY
4
4
4
2
0
GRAYSON
1,974
1,973
1,163
733
2
GREGG
1,975
1,974
626
724
1
GRIMES
4,469
4,469
1,320
1,562
0
GUADALUPE
1,127
1,127
588
392
0
HALE
0
0
1
0
0
HALL
0
0
0
0
0
HAMILTON
4
4
2
2
0
County
TOTAL COLORED ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
NEGRO ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
LITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ILLITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
OTHER LITERATE NATIVE COLORED MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
HANSFORD
0
0
1
0
0
HARDEMAN
3
2
7
1
0
HARDIN
103
103
225
41
0
HARRIS
5,173
5,170
3,332
1,878
2
HARRISON
6,516
6,514
1,868
2,402
1
HARTLEY
0
0
1
0
0
HASKELL
3
3
1
3
0
HAYS
444
444
268
149
0
HEMPHILL
2
2
0
1
0
HENDERSON
924
924
584
340
0
HIDALGO
20
20
17
6
0
HILL
704
703
427
261
0
HOCKLEY
0
0
0
0
0
HOOD
57
57
28
21
0
HOPKINS
948
948
427
341
0
HOUSTON
2,915
2,913
1,007
1,065
0
HOWARD
20
20
11
9
0
HUNT
1,061
1,059
581
411
2
HUTCHINSON
0
0
0
0
0
IRION
3
2
2
1
0
JACK
30
30
12
15
0
JACKSON
543
543
212
184
0
JASPER
771
771
215
276
0
JEFF DAVIS
11
10
12
5
0
JEFFERSON
742
740
808
308
0
JOHNSON
244
244
180
92
1
JONES
3
3
0
2
0
KARNES
131
131
82
56
0
KAUFMAN
1,523
1,521
926
600
0
KENDALL
49
49
27
24
0
KENT
0
0
0
0
0
KERR
34
34
23
13
0
County
TOTAL COLORED ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
NEGRO ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
LITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ILLITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
OTHER LITERATE NATIVE COLORED MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
KIMBLE
5
5
0
4
0
KING
0
0
0
0
0
KINNEY
72
71
103
27
0
KNOX
0
0
0
0
0
LA SALLE
18
18
14
11
0
LAMAR
3,008
3,008
1,375
1,128
5
LAMB
0
0
0
0
0
LAMPASAS
84
84
56
32
0
LAVACA
1,237
1,220
473
411
3
LEE
1,014
1,012
504
348
0
LEON
1,869
1,869
689
664
0
LIBERTY
873
873
208
304
0
LIMESTONE
1,587
1,587
795
627
0
LIPSCOMB
0
0
0
0
0
LIVE OAK
12
12
13
5
0
LLANO
8
8
4
1
0
LOVING
0
0
0
0
0
LUBBOCK
0
0
0
0
0
LYNN
0
0
0
0
0
MADISON
760
760
199
291
0
MARION
2,171
2,171
686
751
0
MARTIN
1
1
0
1
0
MASON
7
7
5
4
0
MATAGORDA
1,066
1,066
442
395
0
MAVERICK
33
33
40
14
0
MCCULLOCH
17
17
4
3
0
MCLENNAN
3,262
3,243
2,177
1,248
0
MCMULLEN
8
8
3
7
0
MEDINA
67
67
38
27
0
MENARD
9
9
1
2
0
MIDLAND
33
33
3
5
0
MILAM
3,067
3,067
1,155
1,246
0
County
TOTAL COLORED ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
NEGRO ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
LITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ILLITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
OTHER LITERATE NATIVE COLORED MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
MILLS
5
5
1
1
0
MITCHELL
32
30
21
16
0
MONTAGUE
10
10
3
3
0
MONTGOMERY
1,785
1,785
761
677
0
MOORE
0
0
0
0
0
MORRIS
844
844
327
283
0
MOTLEY
0
0
0
0
0
NACOGDOCHES
1,975
1,975
629
730
0
NAVARRO
2,160
2,160
1,297
815
0
NEWTON
612
612
255
199
0
NOLAN
6
6
3
2
0
NUECES
136
132
86
42
2
OCHILTREE
0
0
0
0
0
OLDHAM
1
1
0
1
0
ORANGE
260
260
211
102
0
PALO PINTO
78
74
64
33
0
PANOLA
2,592
2,592
775
926
0
PARKER
163
162
139
57
0
PARMER
0
0
0
0
0
PECOS
12
7
3
4
0
POLK
1,415
1,315
525
492
14
POTTER
10
7
3
3
0
PRESIDIO
17
15
9
6
0
RAINS
49
49
88
22
0
RANDALL
1
0
1
0
0
RED RIVER
2,448
2,448
800
894
0
REEVES
8
1
5
1
0
REFUGIO
95
95
57
35
0
ROBERTS
3
3
2
1
0
ROBERTSON
4,905
4,898
2,051
1,855
0
ROCKWALL
88
88
71
39
0
RUNNELS
3
3
6
1
0
County
TOTAL COLORED ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
NEGRO ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
LITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ILLITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
OTHER LITERATE NATIVE COLORED MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
RUSK
3,139
3,139
913
1,113
3
SABINE
529
529
128
192
0
SAN AUGUSTINE
937
937
184
358
0
SAN JACINTO
1,954
1,935
528
579
0
SAN PATRICIO
8
8
4
2
0
SAN SABA
25
25
5
9
0
SCHLEICHER
4
4
2
2
0
SCURRY
0
0
0
0
0
SHACKELFORD
36
36
15
16
0
SHELBY
1,342
1,342
305
458
0
SHERMAN
1
1
0
1
0
SMITH
4,440
4,440
1,580
1,548
0
SOMERVELL
2
2
0
0
0
STARR
24
24
97
9
0
STEPHENS/BUCHANAN
2
2
1
2
0
STERLING
2
2
0
1
0
STONEWALL
0
0
0
0
0
SUTTON
3
3
1
1
0
SWISHER
0
0
0
0
0
TARRANT
1,264
1,262
1,125
448
0
TAYLOR
46
46
27
18
2
TERRY
0
0
0
0
0
Texas STATE TOTALS
167,531
167,138
74,797
61,468
86
THROCKMORTON
1
1
1
1
0
TITUS
582
582
232
220
0
TOM GREEN
359
352
85
53
1
TRAVIS
2,835
2,834
1,966
1,052
1
TRINITY
815
815
361
301
0
TYLER
710
710
263
252
0
UPSHUR
1,417
1,417
441
473
0
UPTON
0
0
0
0
0
UVALDE
27
27
20
6
0
County
TOTAL COLORED ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
NEGRO ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
LITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
ILLITERATE NATIVE NEGRO MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
OTHER LITERATE NATIVE COLORED MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER
VAL VERDE
35
35
25
12
0
VAN ZANDT
375
375
162
142
0
VICTORIA
1,032
1,029
401
367
0
WALKER
2,179
2,179
950
833
2
WALLER
1,964
1,964
950
733
0
WARD
2
2
0
0
0
WASHINGTON
4,477
4,476
1,834
1,702
0
WEBB
23
20
109
5
0
WHARTON
2,516
2,516
1,009
942
0
WHEELER
5
5
3
2
0
WICHITA
56
52
40
19
0
WILBARGER
9
9
10
2
0
WILLIAMSON
738
737
711
299
0
WILSON
160
160
147
68
0
WINKLER
0
0
0
0
0
WISE
45
45
18
11
1
WOOD
1,156
1,156
411
431
0
YOAKUM
0
0
0
0
0
YOUNG
6
6
0
2
0
ZAPATA
0
0
0
0
0
ZAVALA
1
1
0
1
0